How to Select a Dc-Dc Converter
May 25, 2021 by Ryan Dekmar - 5 Minute Read
System Power Requirements
As with most power supplies, a primary consideration when selecting a dc-dc converter is to determine the output load power requirements of the system. The output requirements of the dc- converter include the output voltage and current supplied by the converter. The output voltage may have tolerance specifications dependent upon environmental conditions such as input voltage, output load current, ambient temperature, etc. The load current requirement specifications should include the minimum, maximum and typical values.
Requirement specifications for dc-dc converter applications are unique when compared to ac-dc supplies in that input voltages are not standardized, as they are for ac-dc power supplies. When selecting a dc-dc converter it is necessary to specify the range of input voltages which will be applied to the converter.
Isolated vs Non-isolated Configurations
Dc-dc converters are available in either isolated or non-isolated configurations. Isolated converters are constructed with the input and output circuits galvanically isolated, there is no dc path between the input and output. These converters are often used to separate the input and output circuits for either electrical noise or dangerous voltage isolation. Isolated converters are available with multiple output voltages from a single converter.
Non-isolated converters have a dc connection between the input and output through the common ground between the input and output circuits. This class of converters can be made smaller and less expensive than isolated converters. Some non-isolated converters are capable of producing a negative output voltage from a positive input voltage.
Regulated vs Unregulated Output Voltage
Most dc-dc converters produce a tightly regulated output voltage, similar to ac-dc supplies. Smaller or less expensive converters can be used in applications which can tolerate an unregulated output voltage. The selection of a regulated or unregulated output voltage is often available only on low power converters.
Package and Mounting Choices
Dc-dc converters are available in a variety of package and mounting styles. In applications where the converter will be mounted directly onto a PCB there are choices of surface mounting (SMT) or through-hole mounting (THM) as well as single in-line pin (SIP) or dual in-line pin (DIP) configurations. Chassis mounted converters are available for applications requiring that style of mounting. Many converters are available in DIN rail mount configurations for industrial applications. Both open frame and encapsulated converters can be found in most package and mounting configurations.
EMI and EMC Concerns
Most electronic products offered for sale are required to meet EMI and EMC (Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility) regulatory requirements. The goals of the regulatory requirements are to ensure the products do not interfere with the operation of other products and that outside electrical noise does not prevent the certified products from operating properly. Dc-dc converters can be certified to be in compliance with regulatory requirements, but in most applications the completed system is certified and the internal sub-circuits do not require certification.
Safety Requirements
Similar to EMI and EMC regulatory requirements, most electronic products sold are required to meet safety regulatory requirements. As with the EMI and EMC regulatory certification, products are granted safety certification for the final product and certification is often not required for the internal sub-components but can be obtained if necessary. It should be noted that dc-dc converters sold in the EU and UK with input voltage ratings of 75 V or greater require safety certificates, please contact your sales representative for requirements for other geographic locations. Safety certifications for converters should also be obtained if the dc-dc converters are used for isolating users of products from hazardous voltages.
Additional Features
In addition to the characteristics of dc-dc converters discussed above, there are other features which may be beneficial or required in product designs. Some converters allow the designer to adjust the output voltage with the use of external resistors. High power converters often include load voltage sense terminals to allow the converter to compensate for voltage drops in the conductors between the output of the converter and the load of the converter. Including remote on-off capability allows the designer to enable or disable the output voltage from the converter with an electronic signal.
Streamline the Process
A knowledge of the basic issues associated with dc-dc converters can help to simplify the selection process of these components. There may be other considerations when selecting converters in addition to those discussed above. By working with an experienced power supply company, such as CUI, the effort required to complete the selection process can be minimized and optimal dc-dc converters can be identified.
Fundamentals , Product Selection
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Ryan Dekmar
During his time at CUI, Ryan has enjoyed his role as the Product Manager of multiple product lines. His experience ranges from ac-dc adapters to dc-dc converters, providing a harmonious and deep knowledge of the industry. When not at work, Ryan enjoys traveling, culinary arts, and being in the great outdoors with friends and family.